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aesthenosphere - the layer of the Earth's mantle located below the lithosphere (the crust and upper mantle)
caldera - a large crater formed from a collapsed volcano
carbon dioxide - a colorless, odorless gas, formed during respiration, combustion, and organic decomposition
convection - motion due to heat transfer. An example of convection is boiling water moving in a pot.
core - the innermost layer of the Earth
crust - the outermost layer of the Earth
epicenter - the part of the Earth's surface directly over an earthquake's origin
fumarole - a vent from which gases escape
geology - the scientific study of the structure, origin, and history of the Earth
glacier - a huge mass of moving ice
graffiti - writing or drawings etched, scratched, or sprayed on a surface
hotspot - an area on the Earth's surface that shows signs of long-lasting volcanic activity
hydrogen sulfide - a poisonous gas composed of hydrogen and sulfur and having a rotten egg smell
hydrothermal - having to do with hot water
lava - molten rock
lava flow - a mass of lava on the Earth's surface, including both moving and solidified deposits of lava
lithosphere - the outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the upper mantle
magma - molten material from which igneous rock is formed
magma chamber - an underground area filled with molten and semi-molten rock, as well as gases
mantle - the layer of the Earth located between the crust and the core
petrify - to turn the organic tissues of a living organism into stone by replacing the original materials with minerals
Pleistocene - an epoch of geologic time, ranging from approximately 1.8 million to 11,000 years ago, known for widespread glaciation
rhyolite - a volcanic rock similar in composition to granite
seismograph - an instrument that detects and measures tremors within the Earth
sulfur dioxide - a colorless, very irritating gas composed of sulfur and oxygen
tectonic plates - large sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move upon the aesthenosphere
topographic swell - a section of landscape that bulges upwards
uplift - an upheaval of the Earth's crust
tuff - a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash fragments that vary in size from very fine to coarse
volcano - a vent in the Earth's crust through which lava, ashes, and hot gases are released
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| This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.0307709 |
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| Funding for this trip was provided by generous grants to the Yellowstone Park Foundation. |
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